To what extent was the election of 1800 aptly named the "Revolution of 1800"? Respond with reference to TWO of the following areas:
- Economics
- Foreign Policy
- Judiciary
- Politics
The time period between 1750 and 1800 marked a crucial turning point for America as it brought a new wave of political parties and brought new ideas of expansion. Also, the slave trade became a major part of the society and more importantly this time period marked the beginning of much debate over the best form of a stabilized government. The Revolution of 1800 brought upon all these changes and it is known as a revolution due to Thomas Jefferson's election and the Democratic Republicans unseated the Federalist party. It was the first time in a western government where a change in the ruling power had occurred so radically, peacefully, and without bloodshed in terms of change in prospering economically through expansion and trade and the establishment of foreign policy in foreign affairs.
Economic ties and expansion contributed to the development of a new nation and its productivity. For instance, Thomas Jefferson was a major advocate for an agrarian society, therefore, he was in favor of yeoman farmers and he believed they were trustworthy citizens but he also recognized the efficiency of machine- based manufacturing.With the establishment of agrarian societies and their collective expansion, a farming society would definitely benefit from it that is why with the purchase of the Louisiana Territory, Jefferson envisioned a prosperous agrarian society that expanded west. Also, during this time the economy affected the navy as the funding for it was reduced in half and that led to a downsizing in its strength and supplies. Along with this financial crisis, the navy reduced to 3,350 officers and enlisted men in an austerity program. One of the most important events that affected America was the Napoleonic Wars that occurred between the British and the French. Even though America agreed to remain neutral, American ships that traded with England were seized. Britain also seized ships that would head to the French West Indies and began the idea of impressment. Jefferson established the Embargo Act of 1807, in order to force Britain to abandon seizure of American sailors and ships would not enter sea until the harassment of American ships stopped.
Furthermore, the Revolution of 1800 changed through the establishment of foreign policy in terms of expansion and foreign affairs. America found themselves stuck in the middle of a waged war between Britain and France, was trapped in a blockade in which the British impressed on American sailors to join their army. New England's economy collapsed and smuggling became widespread. In 1809, the Non- Intercourse Act reopened trade with most nations but it still banned trade with Britain and France Western expansion took center stage in Jefferson's vision for the United States. In order to accomplish a form of an agrarian society, Jefferson found it necessary to expand westward. New settlers began to spread to the Appalachian Mountains and in the future Natives would have to give up more and more of their land. Additionally, Jefferson feared getting involved with the Napoleonic Wars and he sent Virginia governor, James Monroe to France to see if France would sell part of its territory to the United States. In order to finance his army for European conquests, Napoleon Bonaparte offered to sell the Louisiana territory for 15 million. The Louisiana Purchase doubled the size of the United States and the Lewis and Clark Expedition that followed in 1803, took fifty men and two years to complete and well made it to the Pacific Ocean.
In essence, the revolution of 1800 began the first in external conflicts that relate cross Atlantic trade and America's neutrality in war. The expansion of the United States became unavoidable and resettlement would be a new way to make the American economy prosper.
Key Terms
Thomas Jefferson
Embargo Act, 1807
Albert Gallatin
Louisiana Purchase
Lewis and Clarke Expedition
Federalist Party
Napoleonic Wars
Marbury v. Madison 1803
Kentucky Resolution
Election of 1800
John Adams
XYZ Affair
Alien and Sedition Acts
Quasi War
James Madison
Checks and Balances
Question 2:
How successful were the programs of the New Deal in solving the problems of the Great Depression? Assess with respect to two of the following:
- Reform
- Relieve
- Recovery
The Great Depression (1929-39) was the deepest and longest economic downturn in the history of the Western industrialized world. It became challenging for Americans and immigrants to find jobs and farmers had lost all of their crops to the Dust Bowl. It seemed that the United States was in the middle of a war on poverty and franchise and there did not seem to be a way out. However, with Franklin D. Roosevelt's plans of Reform and Relief programs it allowed the government and civilians to reduce the unemployment rate and restore the banks and help create social welfare programs but failed in recovering employers and employees their economic stability.
Reform provides permanent programs that are meant to avoid another depression and insure citizens against an economic disaster.The reform program established the Securities and Exchange Commission to regulate stock Market activity and ensure that no fraud or insider trading was taking place.The Wagner Act was enacted to eliminate employers' interference with the autonomous organization of workers into unions. The Social Security Act became a permanent agency designed to ensure that the older segment of society would always have enough money to survive. The key here is that they would then also be able to spend through out their lives.The Works Progress Administration provided long term government jobs building schools and other public works projects. The Revenue Act raised taxes all over the United States- it raised the taxation of the wealthy by 75 percent.
Relief is the immediate action taken to halt the economies' deterioration, prioritizing the restoration of the banks. For instance, The Emergency Banking Bill closed the insolvent banks and only granted government licenses to the solvent ones. It put poorly managed banks at the hands of the Treasury Department. The Federal Deposit Insurance was created by the Banking Act of 1933 to guarantee bank deposits. This was a big deal because people lost their money if a bank went bankrupt. Glass Steagall Act gave government power to investigate banking conditions, vested greater regulatory powers in Federal Reserve Board. FDR went on to provide relief for the poor by the Agricultural Adjustment Act. It provided payments to farmers in return for their agreement to cut production by up to one half. The Farm Credit Act was provided one month later and it provided loans to those farmers in danger of foreclosure. The Civilian Conservation corps gave temporary jobs to unmarried single adults filling sand bags and helping out at disaster type situations. Participants lived in barracks type housing. The Public Works Administration set aside 3 million to private industry to build public works such as dams, ports, bridges, sewage plants, government buildings, power plants, airports, hospitals, and other useful projects.
The relief and reform programs successfully restored the banks and provided help for impoverished families and helped settle permanent programs but there were major flaws in giving employers and employees money. For instance, there was an increase in government power over business and the relief program removed the ideal of the poor to lift themselves out of poverty. The AAA policy was paying farmers not to grow and among the Conservatives that was considered immoral because many people were still too poor to feed themselves.
Key terms
Agricultural Adjustment Administration
FDR
Emergency Banking Relief Act of 1933
Unemployment Relief Act of 1933
Huey Long
Federal Securities Act
Resettlement Administration
Great Depression
Stock Market Crash
Dust Bowl
The 3 R's
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